Investment Instruments - Insurance
- Nishant Patel & Bhushan Patil
I hope you have been reading about finances in this series in Envision for last couple of months. First piece of writing of this series shed a light on financial planning and discipline. Second one provided in depth details about mutual funds. Next piece will enable you with various investment avenues which are considered safe like fixed deposit, NSC, PPF, NPS, etc.
This time we will take a peek into insurance, its various types, returns, benefits, etc.
Insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss.
Many would have noticed that many financial planners/advisors recommend that investment and insurance needs must be kept separate. The purpose of the investment is to earn handsome returns and that of insurance is to enable one with hedge for the contingency.
There are various insurances that one can go for based on various needs. One’s life can be insured under life insurance. Homes can be insured for fire, burglary, etc. Vehicles can be insured under auto insurance.
In India insurance policies are governed by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA). It is a national agency of Government of India. Mission of IRDA as stated in the act (IRDA Act 1999) is "to protect the interests of the policyholders, to regulate, promote and ensure orderly growth of the insurance industry and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto."
Life Insurance:
This type of insurance cover one’s life, like in case of death of the person insured the insurance company pays the sum assured to the nominee or heir(s). Life insurance can be classified further into term plans, ULIP and whole life plans.
Term plans:
It is the best and the cheapest form of insurance. Here, one is insured for a fixed amount for which person insured pay a premium. Should the insured die, then the person nominated will get the money.
Since term insurance is the cheapest form of insurance, you can get a reasonably high insurance cover at a fairly low premium as compared to the other insurance products.
These insurance is for a period like 10 years, 15 years, 20 years, 25 years, 30 years, etc
People who have taken home loans might be asked by their banks to take term insurance equivalent to the home loan. This is to ensure that in unfortunate event owner passes away then his/her family members/heirs should be burdened by huge loan.
Unit Linked Insurance Plans:
ULIPs help one to get returns on the money paid to the insurer along with insurance cover.
These are the expensive type of insurance, here a person insured pays a hefty premium for a very less cover and most part of the premium ends up as investment assets and the cash value varies according to the net asset value (NAV). ULIPs are for a term in years.
One can enjoy handsome returns and insurance provided person insured stay invested for longer terms.
It is recommended that thorough analysis and study of the policy should be taken up or an advice should be sought from financial planner/advisors. One thing that one should be aware of is that agents would try to sell this type of insurance policies since they earn good commission on this than other policies.
Whole life plans – insurance:
Whole Life Insurance is a life insurance policy that remains in force for the insured's whole life and requires (in most cases) premiums to be paid every year into the policy.
Health insurance:
Health insurance cover cost of the medical treatments. Health insurance is a contract for a period of one year.They should be renewed every year without break to get maximum benefits out of the policy. This type of insurance is generally based on medical history and longevity of the relationship.
Health insurance now-a-days cover various ailments that need hospitalization and many day care procedures. Also some offer pre-hospitalization as well as post-hospitalization benefits. Many of the insurers in this category have started to offer maternity cover and cover for new baby.
People with advanced age are asked to go through a series of medical tests before they are covered under a policy. People with existing ailments may have to shell out extra premium.
Also, young people suffering from ailments should disclose this in advance, so that claim settlement is not a problem. Although, one may have to pay extra money to get these ailments covered. Also one should check the waiting period for covering expenses for the pre-existing ailments. Some policies have 4 years waiting period, some have 2 years and some do not have at all.
Group insurance:
This type of insurance is generally taken by employers for their employees and their immediate family. In this type of insurance premium based on number of people and not based on their risk. This type of insurance is generally sought for health reasons.
It is advised that although one’s organization provides this benefit one should opt for individual health cover.
General insurance
This is non-life insurance. People generally seek this for their homes, vehicles, documents, etc.
Vehicle insurance covers damages to the vehicle in case of accident and in some cases the driver as well.Everyone here might have taken this type of insurance for their vehicle, since this is mandatory under the law.
Homes can be insured for burglary, fire, terrorist attacks, etc. This is not common in India; very few people opt for this type of cover.
Riders:
Riders are like additional benefit that can be availed at a premium. Typically riders are like critical illness, accidental death, terrorism cover, suicide, etc. Riders do come with all types of insurance policies.
Critical illness rider provides a hedge against the various critical diseases like cancer, open heart surgery, etc.
Accidental death rider comes into picture when death has been caused by an accident. Generally life insurance covers natural death, so one should verify what kind of insurance cover is provided by the chosen plan and accordingly choose the rider.
Terrorism cover rider is a newest kid on the block. This offers cover to the loss arising from terrorist attacks.
Choosing right insurance:
Insurance is not an investment; one should assess the need for insurance before opting for insurance – let it be of any type.
IRDA publishes the data on claim repudiation by each insurer operating in India. These data can be referred before choosing an insurer, since some of the insurers are not good at claim settlement.
Disclosing details about health is very important; it is advised that you do not hold back any information about medical history. If insurer discovers that some of the information was withheld then insurer has the right to dishonor the claim.
Term plans are cheaper and provide more sum assured than ULIPs. Opt for the riders based on the need.
Signing off note:
However everyone who has dependent should opt for insurance so that near and dear ones are not left high and dry on loss. Although the loosing someone dear is a huge loss and cannot be compensated by any means, but this is little help that be extended to dependents. I would borrow the statement from LIC to drive my point home – Zindagi ke sath bhi, zindagi ke baad bhi.
Disclaimer: Insurance is subject matter of solicitation.